# Web Fundamentals

> How the web works, hands-on: DNS, URLs, HTTP, headers, cookies and HTTPS.

Canonical: https://codelivly.com/learning-paths/web-fundamentals
Last updated: 2026-11-15

| | |
|---|---|
| Level | Beginner |
| Category | Web |
| Rooms | 8 |
| Lessons | 46 |
| Estimated time | 23 h 55 min |

Follow one page load from the address bar to the finished page, then take each part apart: how a name becomes an address, how a URL is read, what HTTP methods, status codes and headers mean, how cookies keep you signed in, and what HTTPS protects. Every lesson has a diagram and a terminal exercise against a small lab shop, and the path ends with a full review of that shop.

## Rooms in this path

1. [How the Web Talks: HTTP in Practice](https://codelivly.com/rooms/how-the-web-talks-http-in-practice) - Learn HTTP by doing: build requests, read responses, and debug a broken checkout in five hands-on labs.
2. [What Happens When You Visit a Website](https://codelivly.com/rooms/what-happens-when-you-visit-a-website) - Follow one page load from the address bar to the finished page: DNS, TCP, TLS, the first HTTP exchange and the files…
3. [Anatomy of a URL](https://codelivly.com/rooms/anatomy-of-a-url) - Take any URL apart: scheme, host, port, path, query and fragment, origins, percent-encoding, relative links, redirects…
4. [HTTP Methods and Status Codes](https://codelivly.com/rooms/http-methods-and-status-codes) - What each HTTP method promises, what each status code family means, and how to find the failing part of a web system…
5. [HTTP Headers That Matter](https://codelivly.com/rooms/http-headers-that-matter) - Read request and response headers for a living: who sets each one, who trusts it, how caching and content negotiation…
6. [Cookies, Sessions and State](https://codelivly.com/rooms/cookies-sessions-and-state) - How a stateless protocol remembers you: cookie attributes, protective flags, server-side sessions, tokens, and a full…
7. [HTTPS and TLS Basics](https://codelivly.com/rooms/https-and-tls-basics) - What HTTPS guarantees, how certificates and the TLS 1.3 handshake work, and how to read a certificate and diagnose the…
8. [Web Fundamentals Capstone](https://codelivly.com/rooms/web-fundamentals-capstone) - Review the whole Fernhill web estate before the summer sale: map it, read its conversations, check its cookies and…